tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-78788452221818579932024-03-13T08:26:39.967-05:00Art History JournalStephanie Lewishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03460635233901787933noreply@blogger.comBlogger1099125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-35098718349162630792013-08-18T19:43:00.002-05:002013-08-18T19:43:43.260-05:00Blog is ClosedThis blog will cease being updated. Enjoy what's here.Stephanie Lewishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03460635233901787933noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-82305243711345471182010-05-08T04:59:00.003-05:002010-05-10T09:03:33.647-05:00My Reflection on the Role of Light in Gothic Art and ArchitcturePeople in the Gothic era thought of their cathedrals as a symbol or image of the "City of God" built on earth. Intellectual thinking and religious education was moving beyond just monasteries and religious pilgrimage sites into larger populated cities where universities started to flourish. Cathedrals were being built that "reached" for the heavens. Abott Sager, known for rebuilding the Saint-Denis Cathedral in France, wrote what was to become an insight to the inspiration for building of these great Gothic cathedrals. The "costly furnishings and light filled space caused him to delight in the beauty of the house of God." (Gardner p. 361). This marked a beginning of elaborate stained glass windows that allowed light to permeate into the churches.<br /><br /> The light weight of the developing rib vault allowed ceiling to soar higher and higher. Thus, the heightened outer walls became a perfect place to display narratives and teachings of the Bible in stunning color and light of the stained glass. The stained glass in most cases actually reduced the pure light of entering the church as it transformed the light into dramatic and colorful light that illuminated the religious messages that the religious leaders wanted to teach the public. The importance of the narrative stained glass became so important that churches were built with as little bulky wall possible and was replaced with intricate stone, lace-like patterns which served as the framework for the elaborate stained glass windows. This was a framework that would still provide the lessening support needed for the rib vaulted ceilings, but became a larger part of the window artwork. Thus walls were not merely covered with colorful paintings and art the window artwork actually replaced much of the walls. The light was transmitted and transformed by the windows into the places of worship. The belief was that that the light illuminating the cathedrals would enlighten the diverse congregations and pilgrims.<br /><br /> The height and "reach" to the heavens continued to grow higher and higher as the period progressed. This made the structures more prominent on their landscape and the visibility extended the "reach" to further distances and people. The towering height over the surrounding building in turn would allow more and more light to illuminate in high dramatic form the scriptures to enlighten the masses.Steve Wrighthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08306419706910042291noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-14241416489816700862010-05-07T16:15:00.002-05:002010-05-10T09:03:46.051-05:00Gothic Light**************************************************************************<br />Light was an important aspect of Gothic architecture. Light represented more and served a greater purpose than just being used as illumination. Oftentimes, large glass windows were used in Gothic cathedrals and allowed light to stream in inspiring those attending a service. However, not only was clear glass used but stained glass also. This was often considered by architectures to be more inspiring. The outside light would stream in through the windows and transform the look of the cathedral. This wasn't just "neat" or "cool" but was spiritual. The stained glass windows frequently were created with the subject of a Bible story as their theme. Because of this, when the light would come through the stained glass windows, even though the room was dim, the light became almost holy. This was considered a mystical and mysterious experience for those who attended the church. The stained glass was made from very bright colors and the stories etched into them were inspiring. Before this, many mosaics and paintings were used to tell stories and display the narratives of the Bible. Stained glass could have been considered more personal than the previous methods because people were in the midst of the light coming in; they weren't just looking at an image.<br />I have always liked stained glass and the effect it gives to a room. I've never thought about the light streaming through the glass as being a spiritual experience, but it's a neat thought. I can imagine the excitement when stain glass was beginning to be used in churches and can see the beauty the use of it added to Gothic cathedrals.<br />***************************************************************************Sara Staffhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10296178074642959022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-16984114982318226802010-05-07T10:22:00.001-05:002010-05-10T09:03:46.053-05:00Gothic Light<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Gothic cathedrals are far more than impressive in my opinion. The sheer size alone is just… flabbergasting, especially when taking into consideration the time period they were built in. Gothic architecture featured elements like the flying buttresses, arches, columns, carved reliefs, statues, and of course, stained glass windows on a scale that takes the breath away. The stained glass in particular is very characteristic of the Gothic cathedrals and utilizes light strikingly.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Lighting up the interior of such a massive building is definitely a feet, but I believe they made it an art. Light coming through the stained glass of the cathedrals is colored. Walking into cathedral through the dappled colored light is surely an experience in itself. During the time period, I can only imagine the awe people must have felt as they entered a building already freakishly amazing form the outside into the sea of color on the inside. To the faithful, this colored light would capture in some small tangible way the glory and magnificence of God and the beauty and purity of heaven. </span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Without the magnificent windows, the spaces between the columns and arches would be terrifyingly dark and unwelcoming, not the best image for a church. Plain glass windows would have been enough to light up the space, but the Gothic cathedrals’ element of color adds warmth and a certain feeling that couldn’t be felt anywhere else at the time for the everyday person. Being able to experience such a rich amount of color, walking through it and having it shine on their skin and clothes, must have been like experiencing a little piece of… well… heaven. </span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Light through stained glass in a building that is a giant sculpture in its own right creates an unmatched environment that brought people into a profound state of awe. Although, I wonder if the windows and the Gothic cathedrals as a whole were also a symbol of power and not simply faith. While they glorified God in a way, they were certainly not humble undertakings, but that’s an argument for another time.</span></span></p>Sarah Garratthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13039190061306533479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-44203318291662465992010-05-07T09:41:00.001-05:002010-05-10T09:03:46.055-05:00Light in Gothic ArchitectureGothic architecture was developed from a Christian perspective. New concepts showed that God encompassed many things such as light. People wanted taller churches with more windows. The French Abbott Suger theorized God as the supernatural light transforming everything material and mortal into immateriality. Clerics wanted to create a new setting that was drawn toward light and purity that could be an image of heaven.<br /><br />A cathedral nave flooded with light would have a dramatic effect on the faithful. Vast window space became a characteristic of the Gothic style and responded to one of the goals of a growing religion in the medieval era. The cloudy days and less intense summer heat of Western Europe allowed designers to develop a style that attempted to maximize interior light and uninterrupted interior heights. They developed a style that would provide larger windows to illuminate the interior of the building.<br /><br />Another characteristic of the Gothic style was the use of light and the relationship between structure and appearance. Ribbed vaults were used to allow lighter materials to be placed between stone ribs to reduce weight. The weight of the walls and roof were supported by external flying buttresses. They used pointed arches and slender columns to lift the ceiling and to create overwhelming height. <br /><br />Enormous stained glass windows allowed more light into the structures which added a sense of warmth and color. Not only did the stained glass illuminate the cathedral with bright-toned and colorful light but also fulfilled a narrative and illustrative purpose by representing Biblical events and the lives of saints.Pat Claytonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15888248875344424121noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-27739482251203954192010-05-06T13:50:00.001-05:002010-05-10T09:03:46.056-05:00The Role of Light in Gothic Architecture<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CAJ%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CAJ%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link rel="colorSchemeMapping" 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Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal">When you look at a gothic cathedral you notice that light dose not necessarily play the role you would expect.<span style=""> </span>Light in a cathedral is not just to let light in.<span style=""> </span>The stained glass allows some light in yes, but at the same time the light becomes colorful and there for the light that enters has a mysterious quality to it.<span style=""> </span>Light was not just used to illuminate the interior but rather to allow light to pass through the different colored glass and allow what some call a divine light to enter the cathedral.<span style=""> </span>Make sense when you think about it, because the stained glass helped to provide a visual history for the people who could not read.<span style=""> </span>What better way to get someone’s attention then to create something that while allowing some light to enter would also cause people to just stand and look at the different colors of the glass.<span style=""> </span>What this also provides is something that separated them from the earlier roman churches of the time.<span style=""> </span>Looking at a gothic cathedral today we see something that is both beautiful and intriguing.<span style=""> </span>The sheer fact that someone spent all of that time to design and build something of that magnitude is mind-blowing.<span style=""> </span>Cathedrals were looked at as being palaces of god on earth at the time so why not make them as big a grandiose as technology allowed.<span style=""> </span>I mean sure now Hollywood has managed to turn them into the dark creepy places that things that go bump in the night would love to live in, but in reality they are some of the most beautiful works of architecture ever created.</p> Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00322710308396397088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-42908639553780573212010-05-06T12:09:00.000-05:002010-05-10T09:03:46.058-05:00Light in Gothic ArtWhen most people think of windows they think of a glass framed box that lets light in and can be open to let in fresh air. But in gothic cathedrals, they had a different definition for what they used their windows for. Inside the enormous gothic cathedrals was relatively dark with the towering pillars and columns and the two to three story roof hanging overhead. The only light that shown through the windows were filled with color of religious figures, giving a more spiritual feel as the light danced throughout the cathedral. The windows were not meant to illuminate the interior with bright sunlight but to transform natural light to evoke spiritual or a symbolic feeling. Whether the light entered from outside the building through a screen of stone-set colored glass or was reflected from myriad glass tesserae set into the thick masonry wall, the cathedrals were dimly lit. Soon it seemed that each new cathedral had to out-do the one before it. They became more spectacular as they were designed to fill the entire wall. In the Chartres Cathedral, the rose window measures approximately 43 feet in diameter with lancets under it. The rose and lancets change in hue and intensity with the hours, turning solid architecture into a floating vision of the celestial heavens. The stained glass windows transmit light rather than reflect the light, filtering and transforming the natural sunlight as it enters the building casting glorious rays of color across the cathedral. They believed that this would fill the hearts of the faithful with light and warmth.Christina Castrohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00603077531075868362noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-61483457162839862572010-05-05T10:40:00.001-05:002010-05-10T09:03:46.060-05:00Gothic LightThe emphasis of light in late medieval architecture transcribes into the Gothic style. Beginning in France this style was about creating a new house of God, one that could reach the heavens and internally glow. Cathedrals became mighty structures that reached higher and higher into the sky. With this new height came new building methods as well. Flying Buttresses were used as external support for the rising walls; they also served as unique decoration. The internal groin vaults in the ceiling gave extra depth to the inner corridors but also helped distribute the ceilings weight. Other technique that’s serviced function and beauty was the new use of ‘punch outs’. As the cathedral walls grew higher engineers started to take the inside of stacking arches out, and inserting glass. The glass inserts became the main attraction for Gothic lightness. They allowed more sunlight inside which before was insignificant. Builders also had the new knowledge of stained glass which added color. Overall the great height and open airy quality of Gothic cathedrals really turned them into a renovated house of God, as both the physical height and flooding of light are symbolic with European religion.Samantha Halvorsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09402700015864844660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-31377320928644535842010-04-29T01:36:00.000-05:002010-05-05T09:18:42.636-05:00Romanesque Art and Architectures<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:#555555;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The Romanesque is known for its magnificent art. The Romanesque era is considered to be a historic phenomenon for its art. Although it was an art it was also a very functional art form for its time. It was a time of pilgrimages. Pilgrimages reflected the significant increase in churches and religious buildings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Pilgrimages provided a lot of the funding for the architecture during this period as well.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The book describes Romanesque architecture and its cultural style very well by comparing it to the languages of Europe. It states that the architecture of Europe during the Romanesque period like European languages varies with the region you are in but still consists from a common core. The architecture reflects this variation. In form some of Europeans buildings from the Romanesque period have a very strong accent of their region. </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In that time, as I said, pilgrimages were a very common thing to do and the churches. Churches made much money of these pilgrimages so the cathedrals and church adapted to best fit the needs of the people. </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>An example of the content of Romanesque art and architecture is the baptistery found in Florence’s buildings. The baptistery can explain a lot about the the tuscan culture at the time. Florence’s baptistery faces the city’s great cathedral. It was an important religious and civic structure. </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Stone Carvings is another example of the impact that art made on the Romanesque art. The revival of stone carving provided much imagination to patrons of the Romanesque<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>and artists. </p> <!--EndFragment--> </span></span>becca pascoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05774062807201332685noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-50290791017181292602010-04-29T00:03:00.003-05:002010-05-05T09:18:42.642-05:00Romanesque Art and Society***********************************************************************<br />The Romanesque period was dark. Much of the artwork reflected the grim beliefs of the culture at that time. With a huge outburst of new building projects happening which produced many houses and churches, feudalism became dominant. The mindset of many people at that time was that if a person was born poor, that is the way God intended it and in that condition they will stay. You can imagine the impact this mindset had on society. During this time, there were also big changes happening in religion. All these things impacted the way art was created. Often, religious scenes were depicted; the figures of the characters created in the statues, paintings, sculptures, etc. had unrealistic proportions; however, I think this could be because artists of the time were focused on what the art represented not just making it perfectly. It seems as if it often had a specific purpose. The story lines of many sculptures that decorated many of the churches had scenes of judgement or tragedy. Of course, this does not apply to every piece, but it was common. The architecture also reflected the mindset of the time and seems to have a heaviness to it. Romanesque architecture looks clunky and thick. Often it had flying buttresses and pointed arches. Basically, many monumental stone structures were designed and built displaying the Romanesque style. To be honest, I do not like this period in art. It depresses me. I do believe the architecture of this time, however, is one thing that led to the beautiful Gothic cathedrals that come about later. Those are much more enjoyable to study in my opinion. Overall, feudalism and other suppressive events taking place in society at that time could very likely be what led to the creation of Romanesque depressing art and architecture. <br />**********************************************************************Sara Staffhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10296178074642959022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-71528798078067811322010-04-28T23:17:00.004-05:002010-05-05T09:18:42.648-05:00Romanesque Period Takes its Name from the Art and Architecture of the Period.Romanesque art and architecture were a direct reflection of the society of the period. This period in history has derived its very name from the art and architecture rather than the typical geographical or political association. Romanesque basically means Roman-like. The periods architecture was made up of barrel and groin vault construction and was moving mostly away from the timber roofs of the middle ages. Because of the diverse and growing population people began a more trade oriented culture. With the growing trade industry a town and its people began to prosper and feudalism began to fade.<br /> Many towns and the previous vassals began to gain their independence from the prior Lords. They were gaining rights and privileges than were allowed during the feudalism period. As people gained their independence they began to have more control of their own lives. This was the period in which people began traveling from town to town on a "pilgrimage" to witness and experience old religious relics, and icons, and even body parts of the religious leaders who had become saints. The church leaders of the period took advantage of the fact that very few people could read so they did not read the Bible or obtain an education. Thus, the church would influence the congregations of people to believe they needed to live a life as close to Christ as possible. Along with this came the need to experience and view the old relics as way to lessen the godly retribution and damnation for eternity into and uncomfortable Hell. People felt they could become closer to godliness.<br /> These "pilgrimages" actually spurred additional trade and business for a town and its citizens. With these ever increasing numbers of people visiting the towns and churches they realized the structure needed to grow to increase capacities. These capacity crowds came bearing tithes for the church to further grow their influence of society through Biblical teachings. So the churches grew with longer naives and sides and added second story worship areas. The exteriors of churches also became more important as the leader wanted to illustrate the biblical teachings. To do this artists were commissioned to incorporate relief stone sculpture on the exterior of the structure; and elaborate bronze church doors to grab the attention of the townspeople. This was part of the church leaders approach to attract the masses inside to hear the teachings of the Bible and further collect more money for their pursuit of the biggest and best for quite some time into the future.Steve Wrighthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08306419706910042291noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-12111242705896020902010-04-28T22:34:00.004-05:002010-05-05T09:18:42.654-05:00Romanesque art and Architecture<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link rel="colorSchemeMapping" 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Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="">Romanesque architecture is commonly seen a very thick and heavy, because that is basically what it was.<span style=""> </span>So why not refer to it as big and heavy.<span style=""> </span>Reason for that of cores being you are dealing with a form of construction that if employing heavy materials.<span style=""> </span>Now it is a common them in architecture once someone does something someone else has to outdo them.<span style=""> </span>Romans invented concrete which lead to the creation of the arch and the barrel vault in construction.<span style=""> </span>So the next step would be to go bigger and better.<span style=""> </span>There is a problem with that, problem being the bigger you go be it vertical or horizontal or both you are going to have to use more of it.<span style=""> </span>Which means using thicker and thicker walls to support the structure, and if you want to put an opening for a window that means maker the walls thicker still to compensate for the part you took out.<span style=""> </span>Same thing if you want to go higher, because the higher you go the more wind resentence you get from the exterior as well as the vaulted ceiling wanting to push down.<span style=""> </span>If you want to incorporate a peer of some kind you still have to make it relatively fat depending on how high you want to make it.<span style=""> </span>Which let’s face it ok if you are going to the trouble of making a peer in the first place you are not going to make it small. Boy am I glad we know have steel to reinforce concert, that means we can make is thinner, because the steal is helping to hold it up.<span style=""> </span>Of coerce now we just have to deal with the fact that concrete it pores so water will get in and eventually cause the steal to fail.<span style=""> </span>Oh well what can you do, guess everything is a give and take. </span></p> Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00322710308396397088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-37132827359149954062010-04-28T22:34:00.003-05:002010-04-28T22:52:22.123-05:00Gothic Lighting<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Gothic architecture was a very intricate, immensely large, and overall breathtaking period of architecture. Many things were intriguing about its style- the immense size, the intricate detail, the towering height- but the thing that really drove the cathedrals to new levels was the use of lighting. These cathedrals were so insane that it took decades, sometimes centuries to build them. As time progressed, so did the standards for this architecture. They continued to get more elaborate and ornate, lighter, and taller. All of that interweaved the idea of letting light in in the most intricate and beautiful ways possible. Some of the earliest cathedrals employed ways of making the walls and the overall structure of the building lighter by punching out holes in the walls. This gave more room to let light in, and the designs eventually started putting stained glass in the openings. This made for a completely different look when on the inside as opposed to being on the outside of these monstrously huge cathedrals. Stained glass was used to make artwork of religious stories from the bible, to help teach a majorly illiterate congregation. The size of these windows sometimes stretched over forty feet in diameter!</span></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">When stained glass was placed on the windows, it gave these gothic cathedrals a much darker look on the insides. Though the windows were brilliant with color and images, it did not let much light it the actual cathedral. As time went on, more and more openings were made for windows, which allowed for more light to enter, brightening things up. </span></span></div>Zac Thttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12373320538917934735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-61121128853118673992010-04-28T22:32:00.003-05:002010-05-05T09:18:42.660-05:00Romanesque Era<p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Trebuchet MS'"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The Romanesque era of the eleventh and twelfth centuries was an era named for its art, unlike the many eras before it which were named for either its politics or its geography. It means “Romanlike” and was first first referred to as this in the early nineteenth century. It was the first era that had an architectural style based on an ancient culture. The rounded arches in which the barrel and groin vaults were based upon was a primary characterization of the architectural form and style of this era.</span></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Trebuchet MS'"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Though most of this architecture shared these commonalities, there were still many differences depending on the region. Some regions stuck to the old, wooden roofs while other regions kept up with the times where stone vaulted roofs were the norm.</span></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Trebuchet MS'; min-height: 14.0px"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span><br /></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Trebuchet MS'"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">It was also a time of prosperous growth for Europe due to the expanse of international trade. The growth of these enormous buildings reflected that time, and a major source of income and support for these buildings was from the pilgrims that came to visit them. It was a ebb and flow effect, as the the cathedrals got larger, more pilgrims traveled to see them. As more pilgrims traveled to see them, the buildings got larger- both due to the money coming in and also in order to support the mass amount of people coming to visit them. There was a great importance placed on the display of relics, and many Roman influences were in the art depicted- all adding to the lure of pilgrims and visitors.</span></span></p>Zac Thttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12373320538917934735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-2063541716278926932010-04-28T21:59:00.000-05:002010-05-05T09:18:42.666-05:00"Romanlike"Romanesque art and architecture reflect the times in terms of form, style, and content in a number of ways. As soon as the Romans invented concrete they became obsessed with building many large structures. During the Romanesque period that was also true only it was many large churches. The structures that were built during the Roman times and the Romanesque Era had many similarities. The Romanesque Era used Barrel vaults, groin vaults and a fenestrated sequence of groin vaults which were all invented by the Romans. A barrel vault is a regular arch that is extended creating a ceiling that is long and round. Groin vaults is formed by two barrel vaults intersecting at right angles. The Romanesque Era also carried on the use of Ionic columns and half columns throughout the architecture. Although the elaborate decorations inside roman structures did not really come until after the rule of Constantine and the beginning of the church, the Romanesque Era carried on this style. Both Roman and Romanesque people used sculptures and reliefs to decorate the outside of their structures.<br />The style of the people were a lot alike also. They were real in their features but the body parts were not proportionally accurate. The subjects of the art were people that were of great importance. During the Roman times it was important to them to portray features of people accurately and the rest of the body did not really matter. During the Romanesque period it was more important to get the point of the story across than to worry about correct proportions.Tina Mullenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10958053577321343306noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-91875342688748904492010-04-28T21:54:00.000-05:002010-05-05T09:18:42.672-05:00Romanesque ArchitectureRomanesque meaning “romanlike” can be seen in the barrel and groin vaults based on the round arch resembling Roman architecture. This distinguished them from earlier medieval timber-roofed structures and Gothic churches with vaults resting on pointed arches. Although Romanesque architecture varied, most architectures has stone vaults. Almost all Romanesque buildings manifest a new, widely shared methods of architectural thinking, a new logic of design and construction. While being constructed with ashlar masonry combining two traditions. French Romanesque architecture uses large blocks of stone to construct the walls of their buildings and used timber for the roofs. They also used brick and brick like blocks of stone to cover the nave and aisles with vaults. In the Ottonian era, the wooden roofed churches were three story high. Motifs that were exclusive to the Romanesque architecture were vegetal ornaments, lions and other quadrupeds. Wooden roofs were replaced with masonry vaults in 1060 to keep the fire hazard down. Cylindrical piers support barrel vaults in the nave’s axis. Separated by the transverse arches, the nave’s are in bays. In Vignory , the aisles are almost as tall as the nave and are covered by groin vaults that help buttress the barrel vaults. The vaults were placed geometrically precise to support the weight of the towering roof above. Most of the Romanesque buildings were very dark due to lack of light from the barrel vault construction. Thanks to the Vikings, the Normans quickly developed a distinctive Romanesque architectural style that became the major source of French Gothic architecture.Christina Castrohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00603077531075868362noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-83541412520667903192010-04-28T21:09:00.005-05:002010-05-05T09:18:42.678-05:00There are several ways in which Romanesque art and architecture reflect the times in terms of their form, style and content. The term Romanesque means "Romanlike" and it came from its artistic form. Romanesque art is also known as the "artistic style that prevailed throughout Europe" around the tenth century to the mid twelfth century. The art of the Romanesque was characterized by its monumental forms, notably sculpture, and fresco painting. This style was closely associated with architectural decoration. There was a sense of realism and was expressed throughout observation of certain details that occur in daily life and a high emphasis on emotion. As for Romanesque architecture it was inspired by Roman architecture, similarities between them include round arches, materials, and the basilica-style plan. Most of Romanesque architecture is influenced by Visigothic, Carolingian, Byzantine and Islamic architecture. The primary architecture form was churches. Some of the characteristics that were included in church architecture were thick and heavy walls and pillars, small windows, painted decoration throughout the interior, harmonious proportions, round arches in order to support the roof, and what i would say was most important an apse. There were elaborate decorations throughout each architecture. All of these several characteristics or Romanesque art and architecture reflect the times in terms of form, style, and content.Jesseniacastillohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07188562316380966011noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-19398584072642353782010-04-28T20:45:00.000-05:002010-05-05T09:18:42.684-05:00<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The Romanesque architecture and art that appeared in the years between 1050 and 1200 reflect certain aspects of the time period they were created in. The architecture of the churches is impressive, massive, and intricate. The art is mostly religious in nature. The period gained its name from certain architectural elements that resembled Roman architecture, such as the barrel and groin vaults that were based on the round arch.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The churches reflect the prosperity of the rise of independent cities with their size, detail, and the amount of labor they required. The fact that the world had not ended in the year 1000 may have also inspired the crazed obsession with church building as a way of saying, “God, I really appreciate that the apocalypse hasn’t happened, so I built this little piece of awesome for you!” An increased number of pilgrimages also helped the rise in church building. The Pilgrims brought the church a lot of income, so the clergy made sure they displayed relics beautifully. The size of these churches was also due to the massive number of people coming to them. (To me, these churches also seem like a symbol of power.)</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The art seems to be mostly narrative, which is significant because the population as a whole was largely illiterate. A lot of the religious art pieces not only dazzled people with their beauty but told stories. People seem to have always been visual, and illustrations really do help get a point across. Walls and columns and facades of churches were covered with stone reliefs representing saints and Bible characters and stories as did frescos in some churches. The art of illuminated manuscripts continued. The art also seems to be a product of the religious craze.</span></span></p>Sarah Garratthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13039190061306533479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-8568593541769377162010-04-28T15:20:00.001-05:002010-05-05T09:18:42.690-05:00Romanesque art and architecture.Romanesque is a term that was started by art historians in the 1800’s. The term refers to the art of Western Europe from about 1000 AD to around the 13th century which was when Gothic styles started to become more used. Romanesque Styles, just to name a few include: The barrel vaults which is a type of vaulted roof in which a single arched surface extends from wall to wall. Another style is the Groin vault which mostly square in plan and is constructed of two barrel vaults intersecting at right angles.<br />To understand why these building were so extravagant you first must understand the time period they were made in. This period came shortly after the turn of a new millennium and people were rejoicing in the fact that they were still alive. At this point in time people thought the world was going to end in the year 1000. This obviously would prove not to be true, but the celebration the people would have felt could have had great influence in the building of extravagant churches. It is almost like they were thanking God for letting them live. You can imagine this felling of rejoice since about 10 years ago we went through the same thing while bringing in the year 2000 people though the world was going to end then as well. <br />So if you take the superstitious mindset that existed back then add the fact that the majority of the population believed the earth’s impending doom was predetermined. It would not be too hard to understand why they would want to build these extravagant structures. Perhaps they felt like they were obligated to make these sacrifices of money and time to give thanks to the lord. The big difference between the bring in of the year 2000 and the bringing in or the year 1000 is that knowledge is better distributed now days and there is a lot more to do than build huge buildings.Marty Perryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10344861343129100666noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-76647396788799988892010-04-28T12:45:00.001-05:002010-05-05T09:18:42.696-05:00RomanesqueAccording to the text book, Romanesque means “Romanlike”. The Romanesque era received its name from an artistic style rather than from politics or geography. It is used to describe European architecture of the 11th and 12th centuries. The structures labeled Romanesque feature barrel and groin vaults based on the round arch, which resembled ancient roman architecture. The word distinguished most Romanesque buildings from earlier medieval structures as well as the later Gothic churches that feature vault resting on pointed arches. Today, the term “Romanesque” is used more broadly to describe the history and culture of Western Europe from roughly 1050 to 1200. <br /> During the Romanesque era many pilgrimages took place because of investments in ecclesiastical buildings and furnishings. The results of this pilgrimage traffic were the development of towns, increase in trade and the flourishing of monasteries. The trade and traffic of pilgrimages encouraged growth of towns and cities, gradually displacing feudalism as the governing political, social and economic system. The churches and monasteries were the center of towns and offered religious relics of saints to those looking for them. The buildings and art created during this time reflected the people’s relief and thanks that the end of the first Christian millennium in the year 1000 had not ended the world. <br /> Although Romanesque architecture is usually defined by its stone vaults, it was much more varied in reality. Some churches had wooden roofs like past Christian buildings, yet most of the Romanesque buildings featured new methods of design and construction that were derived from ancient Rome. Construction and design included buttresses, the use of geometry in aesthetic design, groin vaults and baptisteries. The Romanesque style was unique in its approach to revamping Roman architecture.Katie McNabbhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06802219235113724965noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-65154832969916583632010-04-27T22:43:00.001-05:002010-05-05T09:18:42.702-05:00RomanesqueRomanesque art is most seen in the innovations in architecture. Solid, heavy forms and the use of the rounded arches characterize it. Sculpture was integrated into architecture. Churches sprung up quickly during this time. Plans called for large spaces with the addition of transepts to accommodate larger congregations. Ambulatories were added to allow visitors to view the relics of the saints. Wooden roofs were replaced with stone vaults. Buttresses were used to contain the outward thrust of the thick, heavy building style. Its massive walls carried the basic load of the building. Multi-colored diaphragm arches and arches that separated the space in the hall were included in the worship spaces. These arches lent a graceful massing of shapes. They also used piers, columns, groin vaults, narrow windows, large towers and decorative arcading. The interiors were dim and hemmed in with heavy stone walls. Romanesque architecture did reintroduce two important forms of fine art, sculpture and stained glass.<br /><br />The spread of the Romanesque style coincided with the reassertiveness of Roman Christianity. This influence on secular authorities led to the crusade to free the Holy Land from the grip of Islam. The success of the Crusaders and their acquisition of relics spawned many new cathedrals across Europe. Rome exercised growing power via a network of bishops and monastic orders. The officials exercised growing administrative power over the local population. Most notably was the power to collect tax revenues, which they devoted to religious works, especially the building of cathedrals and the illuminated gospel manuscripts.Pat Claytonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15888248875344424121noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-49952931703806233502010-04-27T21:29:00.000-05:002010-05-05T09:18:42.708-05:00As our textbook mentions it, the Romanesque era was the first to be named after its artistic form and not political and geographical form since the Archaic and Classical Greece eras. The name Romanesque means “Romanlike,” to be named after the use of elements from ancient Roman architecture such as the barrel and groin vaults, as well as the round arches. During this time period, trade and expansion of towns and cities was occurring. Urbanization became big and the building of massive buildings became an obsession. Many monasteries and churches were constructed or remodeled. This increase of churches brought the pilgrimages to these various buildings. With them they brought the funding for the buildings as well as the idea of making them spacious for them.<br /><br />The pilgrims also came to see the relics in the Romanesque churches which became famous with every church around Europe. The massively built churches, again, was to house overflows of pilgrims on special occasions. They all reflected and brought back the rounded arch. They also included paintings of fresco in the apses as in Early Christian art. Also during this period is the revival of stonecarving. Reliefs were seen in the capital buildings as well as in churches. Sculptures are also created in the timber-roof of Romanesque churches and also in the tympanum, the Romanesque portal. Most of the sculptures in the tympanum depict the last judgment or the second coming; the Four Evangelists becomes a major subject during this period.Katia Bernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299072284593386466noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-69908431007600389732010-04-27T20:39:00.002-05:002010-05-05T09:18:42.713-05:00RomanesqueThe term "Romanesque" means "Romanlike." It is a title that refers to an artistic phenomenon. The art during this time period - the 11th and 12th centuries - very closely resembled the ancient Roman art and architecture. The barrel and groin vaults they used were based on round arches that were similar to the Roman architecture. This term helped to distinguish these centuries' buildings from those of the early medieval and later Gothic buildings. The term Romanesque also is used to set apart the culture and history of the western part of Europe.<br />The buildings and art created during this time period were the center of the towns and cities and were made huge and elaborate. It also reflected both the relief and the thanks that the people felt because of the fact that the first Christian millennium had not ended the world like they had originally thought. These massive buildings also reflected the huge increase in pilgrimage traffic that had grown in Romanesque Europe. The pilgrims were a big source of funding for the churches and monasteries that contained the relics of other saints.<br />Romanesque architecture varied. Sometimes the ceilings were vaulted and other times they were not. Some were formed with wooden roofs, but almost all of these Romanesque buildings were made with the new method of design and construction. They very much resembled the Roman architecture, making it unique but similar to other cultures. The Romanesque style was its own kind, but very much derived from the past Romans.Stephanie Sypulthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06141270111252033826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-37351355537531326882010-04-22T05:40:00.000-05:002010-04-22T09:03:29.357-05:00Pagan Culture in Christianity<!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal">Christianity has always had a blend of pagan culture in their art and theology. I believe that this blend started at the fall and spiraled down ever since. It is a part of us as humans and of the flesh to flee from the truth and anything not of what the Lord created, otherwise known as pagan. It is something that has been, is, and always will be apart of who we are Christian or not. This unattractiveness to the truth in Christianity is seen in all of aspects of our life, even art. </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In ancient history the toga was something considered ‘pagan’ because it was used by the Romans. Never the less many Christians artists portray many kinds of ‘Christian’ people wearing them, even Jesus and the disciples themselves. They took Jesus and the disciples out of context and placed them in something pagan. </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Another example that is pretty far out there is in the use of Christian architecture. One might think that Christians were<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>not even originally considered have a building to worship<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>the Lord in so extravagant. If you think about the members of the early church met in homes not in large designated buildings calcified as churches. Many people might think that meeting in buildings like this could be considered pagan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></p> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>I also believe that a large part of this idea about Christianity using pagan ideas is something that relies on the context, both time and place. Believes and society change and with that religion changes as well. </span><!--EndFragment-->becca pascoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05774062807201332685noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7878845222181857993.post-44389390239593562732010-04-22T05:12:00.001-05:002010-04-22T09:03:29.359-05:00Pagan<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5COwner%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5COwner%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link rel="colorSchemeMapping" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5COwner%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> 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margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal">The blending of pagan in Christian art works and doctrines had both its advantages and disadvantages. I would think that a slight change from one belief to another would be the easiest. Incorporating animals, scrolls, burial practices from their old beliefs into their new one would make for the best transition. It helped people identify with this new religion. Possibly even made them more comfortable in changing religions because they felt like their where so many similarities. I find it always best in order to make a smooth transition with the least amount of up rise is to leave as many things unchanged as possible</p> <p class="MsoNormal">However with any change comes problems and with this different type of beliefs system as with any other you’re going to run into everyone favorite radicals. And these wonderful head strong people drove many pagan things outta the churches life and its people’s life. Going as far as to destroy art, doctrines, and people. This demand to rid everyone of anything pagan was a real hypocrisy seeing how so many things in the church is based around pagan beliefs. Animals, time change, art, what the father preached at mass. A lot of these things have roots in pagan past even if the roots don’t run deep. So unforurtunality during this time if u remained pagan or if anything pagan was found it was destroyed or run outta town. so I have to say that would be the worst of it in the pagan world. However the pagans did give us some wonderful art and beliefs among other things. Even though they had to suffer to do so, after all who could stand around and watch their history be destroyed? </p> Katie Landryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01581314982713209085noreply@blogger.com0